Elements of a System
The following diagram shows the elements of a system −
Outputs
and Inputs
· The main aim of
a system is to produce an output which is useful for its user.
· Inputs are the
information that enters into the system for processing.
· Output is the
outcome of processing.
Processor(s)
· The processor
is the element of a system that involves the actual transformation of input
into output.
· It is the
operational component of a system. Processors may modify the input either
totally or partially, depending on the output specification.
· As the output
specifications change, so does the processing. In some cases, input is also
modified to enable the processor for handling the transformation.
Control
· The control
element guides the system.
· It is the
decision–making subsystem that controls the pattern of activities governing
input, processing, and output.
· The behavior of
a computer System is controlled by the Operating System and software. In order
to keep system in balance, what and how much input is needed is determined by
Output Specifications.
Feedback
· Feedback
provides the control in a dynamic system.
· Positive
feedback is routine in nature that encourages the performance of the system.
· Negative
feedback is informational in nature that provides the controller with
information for action.
Environment
· The environment
is the “supersystem” within which an organization operates.
· It is the
source of external elements that strike on the system.
· It determines
how a system must function. For example, vendors and competitors of
organization’s environment, may provide constraints that affect the actual
performance of the business.
Boundaries
and Interface
· A system should
be defined by its boundaries. Boundaries are the limits that identify its
components, processes, and interrelationship when it interfaces with another
system.
· Each system has
boundaries that determine its sphere of influence and control.
· The knowledge
of the boundaries of a given system is crucial in determining the nature of its
interface with other systems for successful design.
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